EFEKTIVITAS ARBITRASE SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DAGANG DI ERA GLOBALISASI DIGITAL : ANALISIS TERHADAP KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN EKSEKUTABILITAS PUTUSAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55551/jip.v7i1.717Abstrak
Efektivitas arbitrase sebagai mekanisme alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dagang dalam era globalisasi digital serta menilai tingkat kepastian hukum dan eksekutabilitas putusannya dalam praktik di Indonesia. Transformasi ekonomi digital yang ditandai dengan kontrak elektronik, transaksi lintas batas, dan bukti digital menuntut mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang lebih cepat, fleksibel, dan adaptif dibanding litigasi konvensional. Arbitrase menawarkan keunggulan berupa kerahasiaan, pilihan arbiter ahli, serta efisiensi waktu, namun efektivitasnya masih terkendala oleh tingginya biaya, keterlambatan proses, kualitas putusan yang variatif, serta intervensi pengadilan melalui pembatalan dan hambatan eksekusi. Inkonsistensi penerapan public policy, perbedaan prosedur administratif, dan kurangnya pedoman mengenai bukti elektronik turut melemahkan kepastian hukum. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi dengan standar internasional, pembatasan ruang intervensi pengadilan, penguatan kelembagaan arbitrase, serta pengembangan online arbitration dan pedoman pembuktian digital untuk memastikan arbitrase tetap relevan dan efektif dalam menyelesaikan sengketa dagang di era digital.
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